Assessment Security at the start of 2025: Resources

  Bibliography 

  @24kupi.  🎧📚 Hate exams? We’ve got you covered! Introducing the Mini Wireless Earpiece MP3 Foot Set – your new exam buddy.  🚀 Just upload your audio notes to the MP3, tuck the control buttons in your shoes, and pop the earpiece in.  Switch tracks discreetly with just a tap of your toe! 🕵️♂️✨ No one will ever notice.  Ace your exams while staying stress-free.  🎓🎉 Grab yours today only at 24kupi.com and use the discount code 0405 for a special deal.  We ship worldwide! 🌍📦 #ExamHack #StudySmart #techgadgets #24kupi#StudyHacks#TechForStudents#ExamCheats#GadgetGoals#EducationInnovation#SmartLearning#SecretStudy#TechTricks#SneakyStudy#UndercoverLearning #schoollife #collegehacks”.  TikTok.  May 4, 2024.  https://www.tiktok.com/@24kupi/video/7365272957033172241?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vKu9P9AY90 

 @AcademiaGeeks, @secretaryreiki, @Official JackRyan Exams Expert, @Exam Sharks.  Comments on @hallowedmedia “let me know in the comments if this works for you! #fyp #proctoredexam #schoolhacks”.  TikTok.  December 12, 2020.  https://www.tiktok.com/@hallowedmedia/video/6905488653972180230?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFtfFirngk.   

 @exams_essay_helper01.TikTok Profile.  Accessed March 31, 2025.  https://www.tiktok.com/@exams_essay_helper01?_t=ZN-8vFsWD7E8da&_r=1

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 @mama AJ, @don.  Comments on lorrainekamesha ” It’s a fact‼️ Details in comments #student #ArbysDiabloDare @lorrainekamesha.” TikTok.  January 22, 2025.   https://www.tiktok.com/@lorrainekamesha/video/7056128257481215279?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFlwd4BKVy

 @mandee.rod.  “Idk about y’all but some teacher be on my ass like let me be 🙄 #fyp #fypシ゚viral #airpods #applemusic #schoollife”.  April 14, 2022.  https://www.tiktok.com/@mandee.rod/video/7086471150951238955?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFUx7rO4da

 @olivia_exams.  ” Take my weekly poctored exam.  Pass your Online exam with help from top experts.  Ranging from Respondus Lockdown browser, ProctorU, Proctorio, Honorlock, Proctor free etc #exam #onlineexam #proctoredexam #lockdownbrowser #proctorio #proctoru #honorlock.” TikTok.  March 8, 2025.  https://www.tiktok.com/@olivia_exams/video/7479570911214177582?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFlgT7evZf

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 @spybuds.co.  “Its only cheating if you get caught imo” TikTok.  July 18, 2023.  https://www.tiktok.com/@spybuds.co/video/7257305666665139499?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFlG6T6ejm. 

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 EduQual2023“Malpractice and maladministration policy.” EduQualAugust https://eduqual.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/Malpractice_Maladministration_Pol_v1.1_pblc.pdf. 

 Elias, Jennifer2025 Meet the 21-year-old helping coders use AI to cheat in Google and other tech job interviews9 March https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/business/money-report/meet-the-21-year-old-helping-coders-use-ai-to-cheat-in-google-and-other-tech-job-interviews/6178911/. 

 Ferraris, Andrea Filippo, Davide Audrito, Luigi Di Caro, and Cristina Poncibò2025 “The architecture of language: Understanding the mechanics behind LLMs.” Cambridge Forum on AI: Law and Governance (Cambridge University Press) 1doi:10.1017. 

 Freeman, Josh2025 “Student Generative AI Survey 2025.” HEPI number Policy Note 61HEPI https://www.hepi.ac.uk/2025/02/26/student-generative-ai-survey-2025/#:~:text=In%202025%2C%20we%20find%20that%20the%20student%20use,GenAI%20for%20assessments%2C%20up%20from%2053%25%20in%202024. 

 Garg, Manika, and Anita Goel2022 “A systematic literature review on online assessment security: Current challenges and integrity strategies.” Computers & Security, Februarydoi:102544. 

 Gaumann, Noëlle, and Michael Veale2024 “AI providers as criminal essay mills? Large language models meet contract cheating law.” Information & Communications Technology Law 33 (3): 276-309https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13600834.2024.2352692#abstract. 

 Gerlich, Michael2025 “AI Tools in Society: Impacts on Cognitive Offloading and the Future of Critical Thinking.” Societies 15 (1)doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/soc15010006. 

 Google Trends2025Google Trends26 Marchhttps://trends.google.co.uk/trends/explore?geo=GB&q=chatgpt. 

 Harbarth, Lydia, Eva Gößwein, Daniel Bodemer, and Lenka Schnaubert2024 “(Over)Trusting AI Recommendations: How System and Person Variables Affect Dimensions of Complacency.” International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction 391–410. 

 Harding, Nicola, and Tony Sales2022The Rapid Response to Fraud and Financial CrimeMay https://cdn.prod.website-files.com/63442a451adbf2a3508e7650/64d9f71e1d11a292e252db37_WFF%20Rapid%20Response%20with%20APLYiD.pdf. 

 Harnad, Stevan2025 Language writ large: LLMs, ChatGPT, meaning, and understanding12 Februaryhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/artificial-intelligence/articles/10.3389/frai.2024.1490698/full. 

 Harvey, Kayleigh2025 Are Scottish students using AI to cheat their way to a degree? 7 Marchhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/ckg88kk1n8jo. 

 Interview Coder2025 F*ck Leetcode Interview Coder is an invisible AI for technical interviewshttps://www.interviewcoder.co/. 

 Janio, Jarek2024“Grades vs Growth: the Role of AI in Shaping Educational Priorities.” International Journal of Pedagogy Innovation and New Technologies 

 Kansara, Reha, and Ed Main2021 BBC Trending: The Kenyans who are helping the world to cheat19 Septemberhttps://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-trending-58465189. 

 Kumar, Nallapaneni Manoj, P Ranjith Krishna, Pavan Kumar Pagadala, and N M Saravana Kumar2018 “Use of Smart Glasses in Education-A Study.” 2nd International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud)Palladam: IEEE56-59doi:10.1109/I-SMAC.2018.8653666. 

 Kumar, Tajinder, Shashi Bhushan, Pooja Sharma, and Vishal Garg2024 “Examining the Vulnerabilities of Biometric Systems.” In Leveraging Computer Vision to Biometric Applications, by Arvind Selwal, Deepika Sharma, Mukesh Mann, Sudeshna Chakraborty, Valentina E Balas and Ouh Eng Lieh, 34New York: Chapman and Hall/CRCdoi:https://doi.org/10.1201/9781032614663. 

 Lederman, Jillian2025 “Disabilities Act Becomes a License to Cheat.” WSJ Opinion20 March https://www.wsj.com/opinion/disabilities-act-becomes-a-license-to-cheat-students-test-accommodations-7eac610b. 

 Lee, Chungin2025 “I just got kicked out of Columbia for taking a stand against Leetcode interviews.” LinkedIn27 MarchAccessed March 27, 2025https://www.linkedin.com/posts/interviewcoder_who-tf-is-this-guy-activity-7310834462756352033-sHyN. 

 Lee, Julie2025 AI Fake IDs Are Fueling Fraud: How Businesses Can Stay Ahead20 Marchhttps://www.experian.com/blogs/insights/ai-fake-id/. 

 Levy, Andrew2025 University busts open ‘essay mill’ scheme after ‘dozens’ of students on single course found paying other people to do their work20 Februaryhttps://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-14417171/University-essay-scheme-students-paying-people-work.html. 

 Liyanagamage, Nilupulee, Elvira Asylguzhina, Prakash Vel, Zeenath Reza Khan, Mario Fernando, and Thomas Lancaster2025 “Methodological and Ethical Approaches to Studying Contract Cheating: A Systematic Literature Review.” Journal of Academic Ethics 1-27. 

 Lynch, Niamh2025 “Calls for compensation after hundreds of doctors received wrong exam results in ‘atrocious’ and ‘life-altering’ error.” Sky News21 February https://news.sky.com/story/calls-for-compensation-after-hundreds-of-doctors-received-wrong-exam-results-in-atrocious-and-life-altering-error-13313954. 

 Maleki, Alireza2025 “Mindset Matters More than You Think: Investigating Psychological Reasons Behind Online Exam Cheating Behaviors among EFL Learners in Higher Education.” Journal of Academic Ethics 1-18https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10805-024-09591-y#citeas. 

 Mangis, Carol2014 Can students use smart watches to cheat on tests? 6 Augusthttps://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/08/can-students-use-smart-watches-to-cheat-on-tests/index.htm?msockid=2fc07910a4c261291a9b6cbea5e560cd. 

 McCormick, Kyle1985 “AI Technology.” From GI to Z: A Generational Guide to Technologyhttps://opentextbooks.clemson.edu/sts1010fidlerfall2022/chapter/a-i-technology/. 

 McIntyre, Fiona2019Watch out for impersonators in exams, universities told11 October https://www.researchprofessionalnews.com/rr-he-student-trends-2019-watch-out-for-impersonators-in-exams-universities-told/. 

 McLaughlin, Mark2025“Third of pupils now get extra time in exams.” The Times26 January https://www.thetimes.com/uk/scotland/article/poorer-pupils-extra-time-exams-glasgow-orkney-6b97zxbc9?msockid=2fc07910a4c261291a9b6cbea5e560cd. 

 Media Officer2022 Essay mills are now illegal – Skills Minister calls on internet service platforms to crack down on advertising28 April https://educationhub.blog.gov.uk/2022/04/essay-mills-are-now-illegal-skills-minister-calls-on-internet-service-providers-to-crack-down-on-advertising/. 

 Medway, Dominic, Stuart Roper, and Leah Gillooly2018 “Contract cheating in UK higher education: A covert investigation of essay mills.” British Educational Research Journal 44 (3): 393-418doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/berj.3335. 

 Microsoft2023Everything to know about browser extensions6 March https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/edge/learning-center/everything-to-know-about-browser-extensions?form=MA13I2. 

 Murkett, Kristina2025Rise in exam extra time: a sign of over-diagnosis20 Januaryhttps://unherd.com/newsroom/rise-in-exam-extra-time-a-sign-of-over-diagnosis/. 

 NICE2025 “Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: How common is it?” NICE National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceFebruary https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/background-information/prevalence/. 

 Noble Fakes2025Novelty IDs at Reasonable Pricehttps://www.nobleown.id/. 

 Ocheni, Christoper Adah, and Adashona Obiamaka Ekwulugo2025 “Analysis of the Predictive Power of Moral and Social Identities on Examination Cheating Behaviors among Students.” International Journal of Scientific Research and Modern Technology 4 (1): 102-107. 

 Ofqual2022 Guide for schools and colleges 2022: GCSEs, AS and A levels22 April https://www.gov.uk/guidance/regulating-gcses-as-and-a-levels-guide-for-schools-and-colleges-2022/reasonable-adjustments#:~:text=Exam%20boards%20can%20make. 

 —2024 Malpractice in GCSE, AS and A level: summer 2024 exam series12 December https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/malpractice-in-gcse-as-and-a-level-summer-2024-exam-series/malpractice-in-gcse-as-and-a-level-summer-2024-exam-series. 

 O’Neill, Kace2024 “Deloitte UK brings back face-to-face interviews in cheating crackdown.” Accounting Times18 September https://www.accountingtimes.com.au/profession/deloitte-uk-brings-back-face-to-face-interviews-to-crack-down-on-cheating?highlight=WyJ1c2VkIl0=. 

 Qurashi, Noor2025 “Nearly all Oxford students screened for ADHD are told they have it.” Daily Mail19 March https://www.msn.com/en-my/news/other/nearly-all-oxford-students-screened-for-adhd-are-told-they-have-it/ar-AA1Bcw7y. 

 Rahimi, Roya, Jenni Jones, and Carol Bailey2024 “Exploring contract cheating in further education: student engagement and academic integrity challenges.” Ethics and Education 38-58. 

 Ralston, Shane J2021 “Ghosting Inside the Machine: Student Cheating, Online Education, and the Omertà of Institutional Liars.” The Epistemology of Deceit in a Postdigital Era 251–264. 

 RightClick2025Ace Your Tests With RightClick26 Marchhttps://userightclick.app/#how. 

 Sakhipov, Aivar, Islam Omirzak, and Alexey Fedenko2025 “Beyond Face Recognition: A Multi-Layered Approach to Academic Integrity in Online Exams.” Electronic Journal of e-Learning 23 (1): 81-95doi:https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.23.1.3896. 

 Singh, Vedant2025Rise of new threat in AI cheating with meta glasses26 Februaryhttps://blog.talview.com/en/meta-ai-glasses-exam-cheating. 

 Spybuds2023The invisible helperhttps://spybuds.com/. 

 Thomas, Leslie2025 “Is Generative AI a Blessing or a Curse? Tackling AI Threats in Exam Security.” unite.ai18 Marchhttps://www.unite.ai/is-generative-ai-a-blessing-or-a-curse-tackling-ai-threats-in-exam-security/. 

 Thu, Thanh2025 “21-year-old Ivy League student develops AI cheating tool to secure Amazon, Meta internships.” VNExpress International18 March https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/education/21-year-old-ivy-league-student-develops-ai-cheating-tool-to-secure-amazon-meta-internships-4862997.html. 

 Undetectable AI2025Advanced AI Detector and AI Checker for ChatGPT & More26 Marchhttps://undetectable.ai/. 

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 Villamar, Doyle2023Contract Cheating Prevalence by Country10 July https://www.contract-cheating.com/statistics-and-data-contract-cheating-prevalence-by-country. 

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Appendices 

Appendix 1  

TikTok profile advertising to complete nursing exams and coursework in exchange for a fee. 

@onlinenursingexamhelper.  TikTok Profile.  Accessed March 31, 2025.  https://www.tiktok.com/@onlinenursingexamhelper?_t=ZN-8vFsSbTr4IY&_r=1

Appendix 2  

TikTok profile advertising to complete essays and proctored exams, including healthcare exams. 

@exams_essay_helper01.  TikTok Profile.  Accessed March 31, 2025.  https://www.tiktok.com/@exams_essay_helper01?_t=ZN-8vFsWD7E8da&_r=1

Appendix 3  

Comment thread under a TikTok video where commenters are offering to complete assessments and coursework.  

@mama AJ, @don.  Comments on lorrainekamesha ” It’s a fact‼️ Details in comments #student #ArbysDiabloDare @lorrainekamesha.” TikTok.  January 22, 2025.   https://www.tiktok.com/@lorrainekamesha/video/7056128257481215279?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFlwd4BKVy

Appendix 4 

A video showing an example of proctored exams completed by this profile for a client in exchange of a fee.   

@olivia_exams.  ” Take my weekly poctored exam.  Pass your Online exam with help from top experts.  Ranging from Respondus Lockdown browser, ProctorU, Proctorio, Honorlock, Proctor free etc #exam #onlineexam #proctoredexam #lockdownbrowser #proctorio #proctoru #honorlock.” TikTok.  March 8, 2025.  https://www.tiktok.com/@olivia_exams/video/7479570911214177582?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFlgT7evZf

Appendix 5 

Comment thread under a video where commenters are sharing details, and websites, to help them cheat on proctored exams.  

@AcademiaGeeks, @secretaryreiki, @Official JackRyan Exams Expert, @Exam Sharks.  Comments on @hallowedmedia “let me know in the comments if this works for you! #fyp #proctoredexam #schoolhacks”.  TikTok.  December 12, 2020.  https://www.tiktok.com/@hallowedmedia/video/6905488653972180230?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFtfFirngk

Appendix 6 

Graph showing the number of Google searches for ChatGPT in the UK over the past year.  

Google Trends.  (2025).  Search interest in ChatGPT in the UK over the past year.  Retrieved March 26, 2025, from https://trends.google.com.   

Appendix 7 

Homepage for Undetectable AI, which has a text box where AI generated content can be copied, pasted and humanized.  

Undetectable AI.  2025.  Advanced AI Detector and AI Checker for ChatGPT & More.  26 March.  https://undetectable.ai/

Appendix 8  

Comment thread under a TikTok video where commenters share links to humanizers and anti-detection software.  

@mac.,@Student’ Success Squad, @elsammy_131.  Comments on @tasha.aithor “Produce undetectable essays with aithor.com #aithorai #studytips #aitools #freshersadvice” TikTok, uploaded by @tasha.aithor, February 10, 2025, https://vm.tiktok.com/ZNdLUgVbx/.   

Appendix 9 

Homepage of RightClick, a browser extension that offers answers, hints, and pointers for online assessments.  

RightClick.  2025.  Ace Your Tests With RightClick.  26 March.  https://userightclick.app/#how

Appendix 10 

Video from TikTok where the creator uses their hair to hide their wireless earphones during an in-class assessment.  

@mandee.rod.  “Idk about y’all but some teacher be on my ass like let me be 🙄 #fypシ #fypシ゚viral #airpods #applemusic #schoollife”.  April 14, 2022.  https://www.tiktok.com/@mandee.rod/video/7086471150951238955?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFUx7rO4da

Appendix 11 

Video from TikTok where the creator is advertising the use of “SpyBuds”, discreet, wireless earpieces which are being advertised as a means of cheating in an assessment.  

@spybuds.co.  “Its only cheating if you get caught imo” TikTok.  July 18, 2023.  https://www.tiktok.com/@spybuds.co/video/7257305666665139499?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vFlG6T6ejm

Appendix 12 

Homepage of Spybuds: the website sells discreet earpieces which are advertised for the purpose of cheating.  

Spybuds.  2023.  The invisible helper.  https://spybuds.com/

Appendix 13 

Homepage of 24Kupi, a website which sells a variety of devices which are advertised for the purpose of cheating.  

  24Kupi.  2025.  Home.  https://24kupi.com/

Appendix 14 

A TikTok video from 24Kupi where they demonstrate how their devices can be used to cheat in an exam.  

@24kupi.  “🎧📚 Hate exams? We’ve got you covered! Introducing the Mini Wireless Earpiece MP3 Foot Set – your new exam buddy.  🚀 Just upload your audio notes to the MP3, tuck the control buttons in your shoes, and pop the earpiece in.  Switch tracks discreetly with just a tap of your toe! 🕵️♂️✨ No one will ever notice.  Ace your exams while staying stress-free.  🎓🎉 Grab yours today only at 24kupi.com and use the discount code 0405 for a special deal.  We ship worldwide! 🌍📦 #ExamHack #StudySmart #techgadgets #24kupi#StudyHacks#TechForStudents#ExamCheats#GadgetGoals#EducationInnovation#SmartLearning#SecretStudy#TechTricks#SneakyStudy#UndercoverLearning #schoollife #collegehacks”.  TikTok.  May 4, 2024.  https://www.tiktok.com/@24kupi/video/7365272957033172241?_r=1&_t=ZN-8vKu9P9AY90  

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